Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death for both men and women. It accounts for approximately 27% of all cancer related deaths and this number is progressively increasing each day. The major risk factors associated with the development of lung cancer include smoking, air pollution and excessive exposure to certain toxic chemicals such as asbestos. Genetic factors have also been implicated in the development of lung cancer which affect a particular race or gender. Lung cancer screening utilizes various diagnostic imaging procedures such as chest X-ray, CT scan, PET scan, and combination of PET and CT scan. Additional techniques usually employed are fine needle aspiration, bronchoscopy with endoscopic or endobronchial ultrasound, thoracentesis, mediastinoscopy and thoracoscopy.